Matlab版本：8.1.0.604 (R2013a)  这里需要用到的命令有：maps, defaultm, projfwd, projinv

1，  查看有哪些地图投影方式：

运行maps查看有哪些投影方式

>> maps

MapTools Projections

CLASS                 NAME                                ID STRING        

Cylindrical           Balthasart Cylindrical              balthsrt        

Cylindrical           Behrmann Cylindrical                behrmann        

Cylindrical           Bolshoi Sovietskii Atlas Mira*      bsam            

Cylindrical           Braun Perspective Cylindrical*      braun           

Cylindrical           Cassini Cylindrical-Standard        cassinistd      

Cylindrical           Cassini Cylindrical                 cassini         

Cylindrical           Central Cylindrical*                ccylin          

Cylindrical           Equal Area Cylindrical              eqacylin        

Cylindrical           Equidistant Cylindrical             eqdcylin        

Cylindrical           Gall Isographic                     giso            

Cylindrical           Gall Orthographic                   gortho          

Cylindrical           Gall Stereographic*                 gstereo         

Cylindrical           Lambert Cylindrical                 lambcyln        

Cylindrical           Mercator Cylindrical                mercator        

Cylindrical           Miller Cylindrical*                 miller          

Cylindrical           Plate Carree                        pcarree         

Cylindrical           Transverse Mercator                 tranmerc        

Cylindrical           Trystan Edwards Cylindrical         trystan         

Cylindrical           Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)    utm             

Cylindrical           Wetch Cylindrical*                  wetch           

Pseudocylindrical     Apianus II*                         apianus         

Pseudocylindrical     Collignon                           collig          

Pseudocylindrical     Craster Parabolic                   craster         

Pseudocylindrical     Eckert I*                           eckert1         

Pseudocylindrical     Eckert II                           eckert2         

Pseudocylindrical     Eckert III*                         eckert3         

Pseudocylindrical     Eckert IV                           eckert4         

Pseudocylindrical     Eckert V*                           eckert5         

Pseudocylindrical     Eckert VI                           eckert6         

Pseudocylindrical     Flat-Polar Parabolic                flatplrp        

Pseudocylindrical     Flat-Polar Quartic                  flatplrq        

Pseudocylindrical     Flat-Polar Sinusoidal               flatplrs        

Pseudocylindrical     Fournier                            fournier         

Pseudocylindrical     Goode Homolosine                    goode           

Pseudocylindrical     Hatano Assymmetrical Equal Area     hatano          

Pseudocylindrical     Kavraisky V                         kavrsky5        

Pseudocylindrical     Kavraisky VI                        kavrsky6        

Pseudocylindrical     Loximuthal*                         loximuth        

Pseudocylindrical     Modified Sinusoidal (Tissot)*       modsine         

Pseudocylindrical     Mollweide                           mollweid        

Pseudocylindrical     Putnins P5*                         putnins5        

Pseudocylindrical     Quartic Authalic                    quartic         

Pseudocylindrical     Robinson*                           robinson        

Pseudocylindrical     Sinusoidal                          sinusoid        

Pseudocylindrical     Wagner IV                           wagner4         

Pseudocylindrical     Winkel I*                           winkel          

Conic                 Equal Area Conic (Albers)-Standard    eqaconicstd     

Conic                 Equal Area Conic (Albers)           eqaconic        

Conic                 Equidistant Conic-Standard          eqdconicstd     

Conic                 Equidistant Conic                   eqdconic        

Conic                 Lambert Conformal Conic-Standard    lambertstd      

Conic                 Lambert Conformal Conic             lambert         

Conic                 Murdoch I Conic*                    murdoch1        

Conic                 Murdoch III Minimum Error Conic*    murdoch3        

PolyConic             Polyconic-Standard                  polyconstd      

PolyConic             Polyconic                           polycon         

PolyConic             Van Der Grinten I*                  vgrint1         

PseudoConic           Bonne                               bonne           

PseudoConic           Werner                              werner          

Azimuthal             Breusing Harmonic Mean*             breusing        

Azimuthal             Equal Area Azimuthal (Lambert)      eqaazim         

Azimuthal             Equidistant Azimuthal*              eqdazim         

Azimuthal             Globe                               globe            

Azimuthal             Gnomonic*                           gnomonic        

Azimuthal             Orthographic*                       ortho           

Azimuthal             Stereographic                       stereo          

Azimuthal             Universal Polar Stereographic       ups             

Azimuthal             Vertical Perspective*               vperspec        

Pseudoazimuthal       Wiechel Equal Area*                 wiechel         

Modified Azimuthal    Aitoff*                             aitoff          

Modified Azimuthal    Briesemeister*                      bries           

Modified Azimuthal    Hammer*                             hammer          

* Denotes availability for sphere only

2，  定义投影结构

这里对mercator投影结构进行定义,然后对mstruct进行补全

>>mstruct=defaultm('mercator');

%定义椭球体长轴，椭率，坐标原点

>>mstruct.geoid=[ 6378137          ,0.0818191908426215];

>>mstruct.origin=[0,0,0];

>>mstruct=defaultm(mstruct);

3，  进行投影和数据转换

地理坐标投影到直角坐标:

>>[x,y] =projfwd(mstruct,lat,lon);

直角坐标投影到地理坐标:

>>[lat,lon]=projinv(mstruct,x,y);

其他方法：https://rhythm-of-rain.iteye.com/blog/1824753