【含泪debug】manim的tex

2023-09-07 16:09| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

文章目录使用manim的起因遇到的问题排查错误的过程问题的解决

使用manim的起因

最近看了这位大佬将3b1b动画引擎的文章3Blue1Brown的动画引擎如何配置？，想要自己动手做一个动画视频。当然，做一个这个并不难，比如我按照大佬的教程，自己写的一个神经网络的示意视频。

from manimlib.imports import * import os import pyclbr class Shapes(Scene): #A few simple shapes #Python 2.7 version runs in Python 3.7 without changes def construct(self): # 友方士兵 circle11 = Circle(color=RED_A, radius=0.5) circle11.move_to(UP*3+LEFT*2) circle12 = Circle(color=RED_A, radius=0.5) circle12.move_to(LEFT*2) circle13 = Circle(color=RED_A, radius=0.5) circle13.move_to(DOWN*3+LEFT*2) # 敌方士兵 circle21 = Circle(color=GREEN_A, radius=0.5) circle21.move_to(UP*2+RIGHT*2) circle22 = Circle(color=GREEN_A, radius=0.5) circle22.move_to(DOWN*2+RIGHT*2) # 攻击箭头 arrow11 = Arrow(start=circle11,end=circle21,color=WHITE,stroke_width=3) arrow12 = Arrow(start=circle11,end=circle22,color=WHITE,stroke_width=3) arrow21 = Arrow(start=circle12,end=circle21,color=WHITE,stroke_width=3) arrow22 = Arrow(start=circle12,end=circle22,color=WHITE,stroke_width=3) arrow31 = Arrow(start=circle13,end=circle21,color=WHITE,stroke_width=3) arrow32 = Arrow(start=circle13,end=circle22,color=WHITE,stroke_width=3) # 显示过程 self.play(ShowCreation(circle11), ShowCreation(circle12), ShowCreation(circle13)) self.play(ShowCreation(circle21), ShowCreation(circle22)) self.play(GrowArrow(arrow11), GrowArrow(arrow12)) self.play(GrowArrow(arrow21), GrowArrow(arrow22)) self.play(GrowArrow(arrow31), GrowArrow(arrow32)) if __name__ == "__main__": module_name = 'my_manim_test1' #Name of current file for item in module_info.values(): if item.module==module_name: print(item.name) os.system("python -m manim my_manim_test1.py %s -pl" % item.name) #Does not play files 遇到的问题

然而在渲染文字时，我遇到了困难。按照大佬的教程，我执行代码python -m manim manim_tutorial_P37.py AddingText -pl，结果遇到了如下报错——

Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\manimlib\extract_scene.py", line 155, in main scene = SceneClass(**scene_kwargs) File "E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\manimlib\scene\scene.py", line 53, in __init__ self.construct() File "manim_tutorial_P37.py", line 64, in construct my_first_text=TextMobject("Writing with manim is fun") File "E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\manimlib\mobject\svg\tex_mobject.py", line 148, in __init__ self, self.arg_separator.join(tex_strings), **kwargs File "E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\manimlib\mobject\svg\tex_mobject.py", line 44, in __init__ self.template_tex_file_body File "E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\manimlib\utils\tex_file_writing.py", line 19, in tex_to_svg_file dvi_file = tex_to_dvi(tex_file) File "E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\manimlib\utils\tex_file_writing.py", line 68, in tex_to_dvi "See log output above or the log file: %s" % log_file) Exception: Latex error converting to dvi. See log output above or the log file: ./media\Tex\9e7a6968d7bc54fd.log 排查错误的过程

一步一步排查原因，发现根本原因在于E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\manimlib\utils\tex_file_writing.py的tex_to_dvi函数出错了。

检查地址E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\media\Tex的输出文件，发现9e7a6968d7bc54fd.tex确实有，但其他的啥都没有，连9e7a6968d7bc54fd.log都没有。

最开始怀疑是原装 LaTeX \LaTeX LATEX可能不行，结果装了新版本的MiKTeX，发现还是不行，MiKTeX也能在命令行中显示版本，dvisvgm版本也能显示。在网上找解决方案，基本都试了个遍，都不行。这bug差点给我整破防了，差点想放弃manim了。

然后，我尝试了下用TeXworks editor编译了下文件9e7a6968d7bc54fd.tex，发现能够正常编译出来，当然我用的是pdfLaTeX。然后在命令行里用绝对路径latex E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\media\Tex\9e7a6968d7bc54fd.tex执行，发现也能正确输出。但cd /d E:\manim-3b1b\manim-master\后用相对路径latex ./media\Tex\9e7a6968d7bc54fd.tex编译就会显示找不到文件，这就奇了怪了。

仔细思考，md，这个错误和我上午命令行里用anaconda prompt执行python xxx.py找不到文件一个道理吗？这里的相对路径并不是相对于我的xxx.py的路径，而是相对于python.exe的路径。这个问题真是太蠢了！

仔细检查，发现原本的tex_to_dvi函数是

def tex_to_dvi(tex_file): result = tex_file.replace(".tex", ".dvi" if not TEX_USE_CTEX else ".xdv") if not os.path.exists(result): commands = [ "latex", "-interaction=batchmode", "-halt-on-error", "-output-directory=\"{}\"".format(consts.TEX_DIR), "\"{}\"".format(tex_file), ">", os.devnull ] if not TEX_USE_CTEX else [ "xelatex", "-no-pdf", "-interaction=batchmode", "-halt-on-error", "-output-directory=\"{}\"".format(consts.TEX_DIR), "\"{}\"".format(tex_file), ">", os.devnull ] exit_code = os.system(" ".join(commands)) if exit_code != 0: log_file = tex_file.replace(".tex", ".log") raise Exception( ("Latex error converting to dvi. " if not TEX_USE_CTEX else "Xelatex error converting to xdv. ") + "See log output above or the log file: %s" % log_file) return result 问题的解决

问题就出现在commands里，"-output-directory=\"{}\"".format(consts.TEX_DIR)相当于./media\Tex\9e7a6968d7bc54fd.tex，也就是说，这是相对路径。那么**这个相对路径是相对于谁呢？**其实是相对于tex.exe的路径，而不是.py文件的相对路径。所以解决方案也呼之欲出了，把"\"{}\"".format(tex_file),改成"\""+os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))+"\\."+tex_file+"\""就可以了。芜湖，问题解决了，准备睡觉咯。

下面附上正确的完整代码——

def tex_to_dvi(tex_file): result = tex_file.replace(".tex", ".dvi" if not TEX_USE_CTEX else ".xdv") if not os.path.exists(result): commands = [ "latex", "-interaction=batchmode", "-halt-on-error", "-output-directory=\"{}\"".format(consts.TEX_DIR), "\""+os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))+"\\."+tex_file+"\"", ">", os.devnull ] if not TEX_USE_CTEX else [ "xelatex", "-no-pdf", "-interaction=batchmode", "-halt-on-error", "-output-directory=\"{}\"".format(consts.TEX_DIR), "\"{}\"".format(tex_file), ">", os.devnull ] exit_code = os.system(" ".join(commands)) if exit_code != 0: log_file = tex_file.replace(".tex", ".log") raise Exception( ("Latex error converting to dvi. " if not TEX_USE_CTEX else "Xelatex error converting to xdv. ") + "See log output above or the log file: %s" % log_file) return result

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