| 什么是pyc文件，把python的py文件编译成pyc文件，把pyc文件反编译成py文件。以及python编译的如何设置不生成pyc文件 | 您所在的位置：网站首页 › 明星pyc是谁 › 什么是pyc文件，把python的py文件编译成pyc文件，把pyc文件反编译成py文件。以及python编译的如何设置不生成pyc文件 |
什么是pyc文件，把python的py文件编译成pyc文件，把pyc文件反编译成py文件。以及python编译的如何设置不生成pyc文件
|
文章目录
1 什么是pyc文件1.1 什么是pyc文件1.2 pyc文件是怎么生成的，有什么好处
2 把python的py文件编译成pyc文件2.1 使用python内置库py_compile把单个py文件编译成pyc文件2.2 使用python内置库compileall把多个py文件编译成pyc文件2.2.1 使用python -m compileall命令把多个py文件编译成pyc文件2.2.2 使用compileall的API把多个py文件编译成pyc文件
3 使用uncomplye6工具把pyc文件反编译成py文件3.1 使用uncomplye6工具安装3.1.1 uncomplye6介绍3.1.2 uncomplye6安装
3.2 使用uncomplye6工具把pyc反编译为py文件的具体使用3.2.1 查看uncomplye6的参数3.2.2 使用uncompyle6命令把pyc反编译成py文件
4 python编译的如何设置不生成pyc文件
1 什么是pyc文件
1.1 什么是pyc文件
1、pyc文件：是由Python文件经过编译后所生成的文件，它是一种字节码 byte code，因此我们直接查看就是乱码的，也对源码起到一定的保护作用，但是这种字节码byte code是可以反编译的，后面会介绍！ 我们都知道计算机是不认识你在代码里写的那一行行字母的，计算机只认二进制，也只执行二进制文件，我们写的代码是需要编译器编译成二进制的。（参考） 对于Python来说你写的Python代码在执行python xxx.py时会由Python解析器翻译成PyCodeObject对象，俗称字节码(byte code)，然后交由Python虚拟机来执行字节码（PS：字节码才是可执行的）。 在这个过程中这些字节码都是在内存中的，众所周知Python的运行性能不如编译性语言(比如C语言，JAVA …)，所以Python在程序执行结束后会把字节码写入到硬盘中，保存为.pyc文件，目的是下一次再执行python xxx.py程序时，Python会先在目录下找xxx.pyc文件来执行，因为.pyc文件里保存的是字节码，所以就节省了Python解析器把xxx.py翻译成字节码的时间，所以就提高了性能。 总结就是.pyc文件是一个可执行的字节码文件，目的是节省Python解析器翻译时间，提高运行效率。其实性能只会提高那么一丢丢，大型项目.py文件很多的话，猿人学Python测试过节省的时间就多一点。 2、我们同样可以像执行py文件一样来执行pyc文件，例如： python test.pypython test.pyc注意： 必须保证编译成pyc文件的python解释器版本和现在执行的python解释器版本保持一致，否则会报错，如下我导入deepsocial.pyc文件中的模块是报错：ImportError: bad magic number in 'deepsocial': b'B\r\r\n' from deepsocial import * ImportError: bad magic number in 'deepsocial': b'B\r\r\n' 1.2 pyc文件是怎么生成的，有什么好处从上面的介绍我们已经知道pyc的好处主要是： 由于pyc源码的不可见，因此可以起到保护代码安全性的作用，但也不是绝对的，因为pyc文件是可以被反编译pyc文件可以提高代码的执行效率pyc的内容与python的版本相关，不同版本编译的pyc文件不一样 2 把python的py文件编译成pyc文件下面我测试的文件目录结构： (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project$ tree test/ test/ ├── deepsocial.py └── scripts └── run.py 1 directory, 2 files (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project$ 2.1 使用python内置库py_compile把单个py文件编译成pyc文件1、使用py_compile把单个py文件编译成pyc文件 (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/test$ ls deepsocial.py scripts (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/test$ python Python 3.6.12 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Sep 8 2020, 23:10:56) [GCC 7.3.0] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import py_compile >>> py_compile.compile("./deepsocial.py") './__pycache__/deepsocial.cpython-36.pyc' >>>生成文件如下： (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/test$ tree . ├── deepsocial.py ├── __pycache__ │ └── deepsocial.cpython-36.pyc └── scripts └── run.py 2 directories, 3 files (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/test$ 2.2 使用python内置库compileall把多个py文件编译成pyc文件 2.2.1 使用python -m compileall命令把多个py文件编译成pyc文件1、首先来查看python -m compileall有哪些参数 (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/test$ python -m compileall -h usage: compileall.py [-h] [-l] [-r RECURSION] [-f] [-q] [-b] [-d DESTDIR] [-x REGEXP] [-i FILE] [-j WORKERS] [FILE|DIR [FILE|DIR ...]] Utilities to support installing Python libraries. positional arguments: FILE|DIR zero or more file and directory names to compile; if no arguments given, defaults to the equivalent of -l sys.path optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -l don't recurse into subdirectories -r RECURSION control the maximum recursion level. if `-l` and `-r` options are specified, then `-r` takes precedence. -f force rebuild even if timestamps are up to date -q output only error messages; -qq will suppress the error messages as well. -b use legacy (pre-PEP3147) compiled file locations -d DESTDIR directory to prepend to file paths for use in compile- time tracebacks and in runtime tracebacks in cases where the source file is unavailable -x REGEXP skip files matching the regular expression; the regexp is searched for in the full path of each file considered for compilation -i FILE add all the files and directories listed in FILE to the list considered for compilation; if "-", names are read from stdin -j WORKERS, --workers WORKERS Run compileall concurrently (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/test$2、把单个py文件生成pyc文件，例如 python -m compileall deepsocial.py
3、递归的把当前目录下所有的py文件都生成对应的pyc文件 python -m compileall . 注意： 后面有一个点.， 表示当前目录！ 如下，是通过调用compileall的API接口，递归的把指定目录下所有的py文件都生成对应的pyc文件！ >>> import compileall >>> compileall.compile_dir("/home/shl/shl_res/5_new_project/test") Listing '/home/shl/shl_res/5_new_project/test'... Compiling '/home/shl/shl_res/5_new_project/test/deepsocial.py'... Listing '/home/shl/shl_res/5_new_project/test/scripts'... Compiling '/home/shl/shl_res/5_new_project/test/scripts/run.py'... True >>>
只有pyc文件可以运行程序，但是是不能获取程序源码的。同时如果python的版本和pyc版本使用的不同，那么程序会闪退。对pyc文件进行反编译需要用到python第三方库包uncompyle。 3.1 使用uncomplye6工具安装 3.1.1 uncomplye6介绍1、uncomplye6介绍 uncomplye6继承了decompyle、uncompyle 和uncompyle2。uncompyle6可将python字节码转换回等效的python源代码，它接受python 1.3版到3.8版的字节码。 2、uncomplye6的github地址 uncomplye6 github地址：https://github.com/rocky/python-uncompyle6 3.1.2 uncomplye6安装1、pip安装 pip install uncomplye6 2、从源码安装 git clone https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/rocky/python-uncompyle6.git 编译： $cd python-uncompyle6 $pip install -e . # set up to run from source tree # Or if you want to install instead $python setup.py install # may need sudo 3.2 使用uncomplye6工具把pyc反编译为py文件的具体使用 3.2.1 查看uncomplye6的参数1、安装好uncomplye6后，可以使用uncomplye6 -h从 (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/DeepSOCIAL$ python -V Python 3.6.12 :: Anaconda, Inc. (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/DeepSOCIAL$ uncompyle6 -V uncompyle6 3.7.4 (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/DeepSOCIAL$ uncompyle6 -h Usage: uncompyle6 [OPTIONS]... [ FILE | DIR]... uncompyle6 [--help | -h | --V | --version] Examples: uncompyle6 foo.pyc bar.pyc # decompile foo.pyc, bar.pyc to stdout uncompyle6 -o . foo.pyc bar.pyc # decompile to ./foo.pyc_dis and ./bar.pyc_dis uncompyle6 -o /tmp /usr/lib/python1.5 # decompile whole library Options: -o output decompiled files to this path: if multiple input files are decompiled, the common prefix is stripped from these names and the remainder appended to uncompyle6 -o /tmp bla/fasel.pyc bla/foo.pyc -> /tmp/fasel.pyc_dis, /tmp/foo.pyc_dis uncompyle6 -o /tmp bla/fasel.pyc bar/foo.pyc -> /tmp/bla/fasel.pyc_dis, /tmp/bar/foo.pyc_dis uncompyle6 -o /tmp /usr/lib/python1.5 -> /tmp/smtplib.pyc_dis ... /tmp/lib-tk/FixTk.pyc_dis --compile | -c attempts a decompilation after compiling -d print timestamps -p use number of processes -r recurse directories looking for .pyc and .pyo files --fragments use fragments deparser --verify compare generated source with input byte-code --verify-run compile generated source, run it and check exit code --syntax-verify compile generated source --linemaps generated line number correspondencies between byte-code and generated source output --encoding use in generated source according to pep-0263 --help show this message Debugging Options: --asm | -a include byte-code (disables --verify) --grammar | -g show matching grammar --tree={before|after} -t {before|after} include syntax before (or after) tree transformation (disables --verify) --tree++ | -T add template rules to --tree=before when possible Extensions of generated files: '.pyc_dis' '.pyo_dis' successfully decompiled (and verified if --verify) + '_unverified' successfully decompile but --verify failed + '_failed' decompile failed (contact author for enhancement) (yolov4) shl@zhihui-mint:~/shl_res/5_new_project/DeepSOCIAL$ 3.2.2 使用uncompyle6命令把pyc反编译成py文件1、首先我们可以去下载一个pyc文件（我正式因为看不到它的源码，才去搞的这个） wget https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/DrMahdiRezaei/DeepSOCIAL/blob/master/deepsocial.pyc 2、使用uncompyle6命令把pyc反编译成py文件 uncompyle6 deepsocial.pyc > deepsocial.py 或 uncompyle6 -o deepsocial.py deepsocial.pyc 输出的deepsocial.py文件开头会多一段这样的注释： # uncompyle6 version 3.7.4 # Python bytecode 3.7 (3394) # Decompiled from: Python 3.6.12 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Sep 8 2020, 23:10:56) # [GCC 7.3.0] # Embedded file name: deepsocial.py # Compiled at: 2021-03-06 05:54:51 # Size of source mod 2**32: 14036 bytes说明： uncompyle6 version 3.7.4：uncompyle6工具的版本是3.7.4Python bytecode 3.7：deepsocial.pyc字节码byte code文件是使用python3.7生成的，因此要执行pyc文件，必须要python的版本也是3.7版本才可以！Decompiled from: Python 3.6.12：我解码pyc使用的是python版本是3.6.123、将当前文件夹中所有的 pyc 文件反编译成后缀名为.pyc_dis 的源文件 uncompile -o . *.pyc 4 python编译的如何设置不生成pyc文件pyc文件一般是在使用import导入另一个模块的时候会生成，python3会把生成的pyc文件存储在__pycache__目录下。 那如何让python编译的时候不生成pyc文件呢，有如下几种方法： 方法一：使用-B参数 即 python -B test.py 可以使用python -h查看参数的含义： (base) shl@zhihui-mint:~$ python -h usage: python [option] ... [-c cmd | -m mod | file | -] [arg] ... Options and arguments (and corresponding environment variables): -b : issue warnings about str(bytes_instance), str(bytearray_instance) and comparing bytes/bytearray with str. (-bb: issue errors) -B : don't write .pyc files on import; also PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=x -c cmd : program passed in as string (terminates option list) -d : debug output from parser; also PYTHONDEBUG=x -E : ignore PYTHON* environment variables (such as PYTHONPATH) -h : print this help message and exit (also --help) -i : inspect interactively after running script; forces a prompt even if stdin does not appear to be a terminal; also PYTHONINSPECT=x -I : isolate Python from the user's environment (implies -E and -s) -m mod : run library module as a script (terminates option list) -O : remove assert and __debug__-dependent statements; add .opt-1 before .pyc extension; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x -OO : do -O changes and also discard docstrings; add .opt-2 before .pyc extension -q : don't print version and copyright messages on interactive startup -s : don't add user site directory to sys.path; also PYTHONNOUSERSITE -S : don't imply 'import site' on initialization -u : force the stdout and stderr streams to be unbuffered; this option has no effect on stdin; also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x -v : verbose (trace import statements); also PYTHONVERBOSE=x can be supplied multiple times to increase verbosity -V : print the Python version number and exit (also --version) when given twice, print more information about the build -W arg : warning control; arg is action:message:category:module:lineno also PYTHONWARNINGS=arg -x : skip first line of source, allowing use of non-Unix forms of #!cmd方法二：设置环境变量 export PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 方法三：在导入的地方设置如下 import sys sys.dont_write_bytecode = True参考：https://www.yuanrenxue.com/tricks/what-is-pyc-file.html # 对pyc文件解释比较清楚 参考：https://www.php.cn/python-tutorials-416352.html # 把py文件生成pyc文件 |
【本文地址】