同位语从句用法总结同位语从句的语法规则及例句 您所在的位置:网站首页 when引导同位语从句和定语从句 同位语从句用法总结同位语从句的语法规则及例句

同位语从句用法总结同位语从句的语法规则及例句

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同位语从句用法总结-同位语从句的语法规则及例句-同位语从句的引导词有哪些

同位语从句用法

   1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

  2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

  3.同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。

  一、同位语从句连接词的选用

  在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that, who, whether),连接副词(how, when, where)等。例如:

  They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。

  The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

  We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。

  注:在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如:

  We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。

  There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张伟会守信的。

  同位语从句:that

  有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:

  We came to the decision that we must act at once.我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。

  He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。

  There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的希望很小。

  以下名词常用于以上句型:

  advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word

  同位语从句:whether

  whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。

  He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。

  I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。

  同位语从句:what

  what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词

  I have no idea what he is doing now.我不知道他现在在干什么。

  同位语从句:how

  how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词

  It's a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

  同位语从句:who等

  who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句

  The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

  She raised the question where we could get the fund.她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。

  二、同位语从句的语气

  在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:

  Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

  The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。

  The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。

  三、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

  同位语从句和定语从句的区别(1)

  同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。

  同位语从句和定语从句的区别(2)

  that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

  同位语从句和定语从句的区别(3)

  whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

  同位语从句和定语从句的区别(4)

  一从词义角度看问题

  who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义;它们用来引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。

  二从搭配角度看问题

  who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强,如:

  先行词是“人”,引导词用“who”等,而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question, idea, doubt等”。

 

 

一、同位语从句的引导词有哪些

引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。

1. that引导

We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。

I’ve come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。

The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。

He referred to Copernicus’ statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。

【注意1在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如:

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他们面对废除这个税的要求。

They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。

The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。

I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。

【注意2引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。如:

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2. whether引导

There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。

Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题:你来不来。

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 这个是对还是错要看结果。

We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

3. 由连接代词引导

Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters. After that I went back to work in a factory. Then I had no idea what a casino was. 从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。

4. 由连接副词引导

I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。

He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。

You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!

二、关于分离同位语从句

有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如:

The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。

The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。

The rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。

Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。

The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来,所有居民都必须撤出村子。(G31)

 

二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)

2. 引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。

3. 引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

4. 被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定:

I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 )

The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)

 

 

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