收藏！ 语法精讲系列 4：深度剖析被动语态、状语从句、宾语从句 （附真题及解析）

7.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 +be+动词的过去分词

Before the police arrive, no one could be allowed to leave.

三、被动语态的用法

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要说出动作的执行者是谁。例如：

The glass was broken just now.

2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：Your homework must be finished on time.

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

Step1:把主动语态句子的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语

Step2:把主动语态句子的谓语变为 be+ 动词过去分词的结构 (此处 be 有时态和单复数的变化)

Step3: 主语变为 by+sb.结构, sb.用宾格 (by sb.可省略)

五、不用被动语态的情况

1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。

例如：

The sun rises from the east.

2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词不用于被动语态。

如begin, start, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。例如：

The TV program begins at 8 o’clock.

3.宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语时，不用于被动语态。例如：We should help each other.

4. 一部分及物动词不用于被动语态。常见的有fit, have, wish, cost, leave, enter, reach, suit,lack, own 等。例如：He owns a big house.

5.一些短语动词不能用于被动语态，如 break out, take place, come true, belong to, consist of,succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in 等。

例如：The old woman is suffering from a serious illness these days.

6.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式。例如：

I have something interesting to say.

7.一部分形容词后接不定式做状语时，不定式用主动形式。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, nice, kind 等。

例如：The problem is easy to solve.

六、主动形式表示被动意义

1. look, sound, feel, smell等感官动词和 appear,

seem, keep, stay, remain 等 表示状态的系动词后接名词、形容词、介词短语或 to be+ 形容词 / 名词作表语时，这些动词的主动形式常表示被动意义。例如：

The scarf feels soft.

2.read, write, wash, sell, wear, lock 等动词和well, easily, smoothly 等连用时， 主动形式表示被动意义。例如：

The glass was broken just now.

3.need, want, require, deserve 等动词以物做主语时，后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

如：My bike needs/ wants/ requires repairing.

七、被动形式表示主动意义

短语 be determined, be pleased, be graduated

(from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married 等虽是被动形式，但表示主动含义。例如：

He is prepared for an important test.

一展身手

【十堰】1. A year has four seaons and it_____twelve months.

A divided into B is dividing into

C was divided into D Is divided into

【鄂州】2. —As China grows stronger and stronger Chinese_____ in more and more schools out of our country.

-That s true. As a Chinese I feel very proud

A teaches B has taught

C is taught D was taught

【南充】3.Chinese_____ by more and more people around the world.

A is spoken B spoke

C are spoken D speaks

语法精讲—状语从句

在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。状语从句可以分为以下几类：

一、时间状语从句

可以用来引导时间状语从句的连词有when, as, till, until, before, after, as soon as,once, the moment, immediately, the day 等。

1.when, while, as

(1)when 后既可加延续性动作也可加非延续性动作；while 后只能加延续性动作。

While/When she was watching TV, her mother

arrived home.

(2)while 可以表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，而 when 不行。

While boys were singing, girls were dancing.

(3)as 后跟持续性动作，强调主从句的动作同时发生，指“一边……一边……”；也可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，指“随着……”。

I listened to music as I walked.

2.till, until, not...until

(1)肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动作，表示“直到……为止”。例如：

He worked until/till 11 p.m.

(2)否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动作，表示“直到……才”。例如：

I didn’t go home until I finished my homework.

(3)放在句首强调时，一般用 until。例如：

Until he comes, no one can help you.

3.as soon as 表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句时态可遵循“主将从现”原则。例如：

As soon as he comes home, he’ll give you a

big surprise.

二、原因状语从句

常用的引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since, for 等。

1.because 用来回答 why 提问的句子，语气最强，一般放在主句之后；

2.since 表示既然或已知的理由以及稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；

3.as 多用于口语，语气较弱，表示的理由是明显的或被认为是已知的，是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句，可放在句首或句尾；

4.for 是并列连词，它引导的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。for 引导的分句常位于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。

例如：

He didn’t go to school because he was ill.

Since you are here, you can do it by yourself.

We all like him as he is kind.

There must be no one in the room, for the door is closed.

三、条件状语从句

常见的用来引导条件状语从句的连词有if, unless 等。在条件状语从句中时态遵 循“主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现”的原则。例如：

If my parents are free tomorrow, they will take

me to the zoo.

You won’t pass the test unless you practice hard.

If he arrives, please let me know.

四、让步状语从句

although/though, even though/if 都可以引导让步状语从句。although 与 though 两者意思相同，一般可以互换，都可以与 yet, still 连用，但不能和 but 连用。例如：

Though he is old, he is active.

五、目的状语从句

常见的引导目的状语从句的连词有in order that 和 so that。意思都是“以便……；为了……”；而且从句中需用情态动词。例如：

The old man gets up early every day so that he can take a walk in the park.

六、结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的从属连词有 so...that...和 such...that...。注意两者的区别：名前 such，形、副 so，that 从句跟在后；多多少少必用 so，特别注意是 little；“小”用 such， “少”用 so。例如：

She is such a lovely girl that everybody likes her.

七、比较状语从句

由连词 as...as, not so(as)...as 引导，表示“和……(不)一样”。例如：

Her room isn’t so clean as mine.

八、地点状语从句

地点状语从句可用 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。例如：

You are free to go wherever you like.

九、方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though 等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，正如”。例如：

He behaved as if he were a real Chinese.

一展身手

【2018 福建福州】4. —We' ll go for a picnic if it

_____this Sunday.

—Wish you a lovely weekend.

A rain B. doesn’t rain

C won’t rain

【2018 贵州安顺】5. I think _____ not difficult _____English every morning.

A. that ; keep reading

B. it's; keep reading

C. that; to keep reading

D.it; to keep reading

【2018安徽省】6. What's your plan for the summer holidays?

—I’ll go to Beijing_____ the school term ends.

A. in order that B. so that

C. as soon as D. even though

【2018 福建福州】7.—We'll go for a picnic if it_____ this Sunday.

—Wish you a lovely weekend.

A. rain

B. doesn't rain

C. won't rain

语法精讲—宾语从句

一、宾语从句的概念

在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。例如：

He wanted to know what you said just now.

He is interested in what you said just now.

二、宾语从句的用法

1.由 that 引导

that 在宾语从句无实际意义，只起连接作用，一般可以省略。

(1)作动词的宾语从句

He said (that) he would go to the movies tomorrow.

(2)在一些 be+ 形容词的结构中也可用 that 引导宾语从句，如 sure, sorry, afraid 等。

I am sure (that) he has made a mistake.

★ 如果有多个 that 引导的宾语从句，第一个that 可以省略，其余一般不省略。例如：

The doctor told me (that) I should take more exercise and that I would get better soon.

★在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变为否定形式。例如：I don’t think he is wrong.

2.由 whether/if 引导

常放在 know, ask, wonder 等动词后。两者在宾语从句中不作句子任何成分，但有实际含义，表示“是否”，不可省略。两者通常可以互换。

He asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.

★以下情况 whether 和 if 不可以互换：

①从句作介词的宾语时只能用 whether，不用 if

We’re talking about whether Jack will win the

game.

②引导词与动词不定式或 or not 连用时，只能用 whether

Do you know whether your father will come back for dinner or not?

I don’t know whether to wait for another hour.

③ whether 引导的宾语从句可放在句首，但 if 不可以

Whether he will come, I don’t care.

④ if 作“如果”讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，不能用 whether

3.由特殊疑问词引导

特殊疑问词在引导宾语从句时分为连接代词 who, whom, what, which 和连接副词 when,where, why, how 等。它们在句中既起连接作用，又在句中充当句子的成分，并且不可以省略。

He asked me who the man was.

I want to know why he was late again.

★ 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以转换成“特殊疑问词 + 不定式”的结构。例如：

I can’t decide which university I can choose.

I can’t decide which university to choose.

三、宾语从句的时态

宾语从句中从句谓语动词的时态常受到主句谓语动词的时态的影响。因此，要注意保持主从句时态一致。

1.当主句是现在的某种时态(一般现在时、现在进行时等)时，从句可根据需要选择任何时态。

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell me where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

2.当主句是过去的某种时态时，从句时态根据句意使用和过去相关的时态。

I wanted to know where he was going.

She said she had finished her work.

★ 如果从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言等时，即使主句是一般过去时，从句仍用现在的时态。例如：

Our teacher told us that it is better to do than to say.

四、宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。

He wondered when will the meeting begin. (错误)

He wondered when the meeting will begin. (正确)

★当从句的原句是“What’s wrong?/What’s the matter?/What’s happening?”等时，语序不变。

Do you know what’s the matter with him?

一展身手

【2018 黔西南】8.D o you know_____ Zunyi or not tomorrow?

A. whether are they leaving for

B. whether they are I eaving for

C. if they are leaving for

D, if are they leaving for

【2018贵州安顺】9. The police woman asked the little boy_____.

A. where did he live

B. where he lived

C. where he lives

D.where does he lives

【2018福建福州】10.一 Show me the map, please. I wonder_____.

—Look, it’s here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province.

A. where is Diaoyu Island

B. where Diaoyu Island is

C. what is Diaoyu Island like

答案

1. D

【解析】考察一般现在时的被动语态，一年有四个李节被分成了12个月。结合语境 “A year has four seasons一年有四个季节"可知描逋的是客观真理,故确定时态为一般现在时,主语 it 代指 a year 是谓语动词 divide into 的承受者,二者形成被动关系,故用被动语态,故谓语动词用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为: am/is/are+ 及物动词的过去分词,主语 it 是第三人称单数, be 动词用 is, divide 的过去分词是 divided,故选 D。

2. C

【解析】考察一般现在时的被动语态，随着中国越来越强大,国外越来越多的学校开设了汉语 课。

3. A

【解析】 首先根据句子表述的是现在的客观事实,所以用一般现在时,主语 Chinese 是动作 speak 的承受者,表示"被说"所以用被动语态,一般现在时被动语态的构成是:主语 + am/is/are + 动词的过去分词,主语是不可数名词,be 动词用 is, speak 的过去分词是 spoken,故选 A。

4. B

【解析】考查 if 引导的条件状语从句。当主句是一般将来时，i f 引导的条件状语从句应该用一般现在时。句意为“如果这个星期天不下雨的话,我们进行野餐。

5. D

6. C

7. B

【解析】选B。考查 if 引导的条件状语从句。当主句是一般将来时, if 引导的条件状语从 句应该用一般现在时。句意为"如果这个星期天不下雨的话,我们进行野餐"。

8. B

【解析】B.考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,所以排除 A、D 选项;if 不能与 or not 连 用，故选 B。

9. A

【解析】此题考査宾语从句以及引导词。宾语从句用陈述句语序,根据答句:是的,你可以乘坐公 共汽车去那里。可知问句应该是:你能告诉我如何到达哪里吗?故选A.

10. B

【解析】选B。考查宾语从句的用法。此处 wonder 引导宾语从句,由答语中描述钓鱼岛的位置可 知引导词应该用 where,而宾语从句中要用陈述语序。故选B。

校 对：姜 珊

审 核：贾丹彤 返回搜狐，查看更多