Matlab GUI界面设计「建议收藏」

2023-02-23 00:18| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

大家好，我是你的好朋友思创斯。今天说一说Matlab GUI界面设计「建议收藏」,希望您对编程的造诣更进一步.

摘要：本篇博文基于MATLAB2014a进行GUI设计。 1.启动GUI设计

命令行输入guide，回车。

即可得到下面的对话框，进行相关的选择和设置

点击确定，得到两个文件，一个是.m文件，另一个是.fig文件，需要说明的是，.m文件用于编辑GUI中控件所需要的回调代码，.fig文件可以用鼠标拖拽等比较简单的操作进行初始的界面设计。

2..fig文件控件布局

本篇暂时涉及按钮、可编辑文本、静态文本、弹出式菜单、轴的实现，拖拽这些控件到界面中，可以点击绿色三角形运行GUI看看效果。

双击任意控件可以弹出控件的属性检查器，这里可以更改控件的初始属性，并且可以查看控件的tag值，用于回调程序的句柄调用。

3.GUI初始程序编写 3.1.初始程序是界面运行时最先执行的程序，用于对控件等的一些初始设置，该部分的代码应该添加在.m文件的test_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)函数中。

插入如下代码，使得可编辑文本失效

set(handles.edit1,'enable','off'); 3.2.按钮程序编写，使得可编辑文本生效，右击按钮->查看回调->Callback，输入 set(handles.edit1,'enable','on'); 3.3.可编辑文本程序编写，当可编辑文本框中输入文字后，在静态文本中显示出来

右击可编辑文本->查看回调->Callback，输入

set(handles.text1,'string',get(handles.edit1,'string')); 3.4.弹出式菜单编写

双击弹出式菜单，调出属性编辑器，进行以下操作

输入相应文字，点击确定。

该部分函数编写，右击弹出式菜单->查看回调->Callback，输入

3.5.轴部分程序编写

为了简单起见，这部分内容写在程序开头，作用是显示了一个正弦曲线

代码如下：

axes(handles.axes1) t=0:0.001:4*pi; f=sin(t); plot(t,f,'g') axis([0 4*pi -1 1]) grid on xlabel('t') ylabel('sin(t)') title('正弦函数图像') legend('f=sin(t)')

至此，基本功能均可实现

4.总结

①每个控件均可在属性编辑器里面设置初始值；

②如果需要全局变量，在定义和使用的时候都需要写关键字global。

5.附上全部代码。 function varargout = test(varargin) % TEST MATLAB code for test.fig % TEST, by itself, creates a new TEST or raises the existing % singleton*. % % H = TEST returns the handle to a new TEST or the handle to % the existing singleton*. % % TEST('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local % function named CALLBACK in TEST.M with the given input arguments. % % TEST('Property','Value',...) creates a new TEST or raises the % existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are % applied to the GUI before test_OpeningFcn gets called. An % unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application % stop. All inputs are passed to test_OpeningFcn via varargin. % % *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one % instance to run (singleton)". % % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help test % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 26-Jan-2017 16:20:09 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT gui_Singleton = 1; gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ... 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ... 'gui_OpeningFcn', @test_OpeningFcn, ... 'gui_OutputFcn', @test_OutputFcn, ... 'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ... 'gui_Callback', []); if nargin && ischar(varargin{1}) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1}); end if nargout [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); end % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % --- Executes just before test is made visible. function test_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn. % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % varargin command line arguments to test (see VARARGIN) set(handles.edit1,'enable','off'); axes(handles.axes1) t=0:0.001:4*pi; f=sin(t); plot(t,f,'g') axis([0 4*pi -1 1]) grid on xlabel('t') ylabel('sin(t)') title('正弦函数图像') legend('f=sin(t)') % Choose default command line output for test handles.output = hObject; % Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles); % UIWAIT makes test wait for user response (see UIRESUME) % uiwait(handles.figure1); % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line. function varargout = test_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT); % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structure varargout{1} = handles.output; % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1. function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) set(handles.edit1,'enable','on'); function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) set(handles.text1,'string',get(handles.edit1,'string')); % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text % str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows. % See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); end % --- Executes on selection change in popupmenu1. function popupmenu1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) str = get(handles.popupmenu1, 'String'); val = get(handles.popupmenu1,'Value'); switch str{val}; case '选项一' set(handles.text1,'string','选项一触发'); case '选项二' set(handles.text1,'string','选项二触发'); case '选项三' set(handles.text1,'string','选项三触发'); end % Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns popupmenu1 contents as cell array % contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from popupmenu1 % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function popupmenu1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows. % See ISPC and COMPUTER. if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')) set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); end