2023高考英语作文预测及英语写作中常见的句法错误

Chemical farming or organic farming?

Organic farming differs from chemical farming and has both advantages and disadvantages. 【开篇点题】

Firstly, compared with( 与…… 相比)chemical farming, organic farming products are more safe for most people since farmers avoid the use of chemical pesticides and other harmful substances when conducting organic farming. Secondly, organic farming is environmentally friendly, causing little soil and groundwater pollution. 【有机耕作的好处】

Even though organic farming has so many advantages, it also has some drawbacks. For one thing( 一方面) ，it can be quite costly for farmers who engage in( 从事) organic farming to get all the necessary equipment. For another( 另一方面) ，it’s much more time-consuming and demanding, thus making it unsuitable to conduct on a large scale( 大规模地). 【有机耕作的弊端】

I think organic farming is preferable to( 比…… 更好) chemical farming because the advantages of organic farming outweigh the disadvantages, especially in the long term( 从长期来) when environmental impact and human health are taken into account( 被考虑在内). 【个人观点及理由】

3.人工智能与失业

你校英语报" 头脑风暴" 板块提出了一个问题: 人工智能和机器人可以为人类做各种事情, 从而使许多人失去工作，对此, 你有何看法呢? 请你写一篇短文投稿, 内容包括:1. 介绍该现象;2. 谈谈你对该现象的看法;3. 应对措施。注意:词数100左右。

【参考范文】

Nowadays ，Artificial Intelligence, short for AI, has been widely applied to( 被广泛应用于)many aspects in our life. Many people are concerned that AI will replace human labor in the future and cause mass unemployment. 【介绍现象】

It cannot be denied that( 不可否认)AI will definitely replace human labor in some industries, but it’s unlikely to be used in all walks of life( 各行各业).In some special fields, robots can’t do the highly demanding task because they are programmed, not creative. What’s more AI technology still has a long way to go to full maturity( 要达到完全成熟还有很长的路要走) ，so it’s unnecessary to worry about the unemployment. 【个人看法】

As students, we should develop our creativity. After all, it is the ability to create something new that makes us smarter than robots. 【应对措施】

4.第一次做某事

你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以第一次做某事的经历为话题，写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:

1.事件的背景;2.事件的过程;3.自己的感受。

注意:1.词数100左右;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

My First Cooking Experience

Last Sunday, my parents had an important conference to attend, making me alone at home. Having finished my homework, I felt somewhat bored, so I decided to give them a surprise by cooking. 【事件背景】

I chose to make a soup using mushrooms, eggplants and beef. To ensure my success, I first searched for relevant recipes online( 在网上搜索相关食谱)and then began my work. After cleaning the materials mentioned above( 上面提到的材料) ，I cut them into pieces respectively( 分别地).Next ，I put the beef in the boiling water and then the mushrooms and eggplants. With the assistance of( 在…… 的帮助下)the recipes and my memories of how Mom cooked the dish I finished it within one hour. 【事件过程】

It turned out to be( 结果是)a great success. My parents were greatly surprised when they tried the delicious soup. I’m proud of myself and confident that I can cook more tasty dishes in the future 【结果及感受】

5.给自己的"时光胶囊"

假定你是李华英国朋友m日开展时光胶囊--写给四年后的自己"活动很感兴趣。请你用英语给对方写一封邮件内容包括:1.介绍活动概况;2介绍自己时胶囊中的计划与愿望;3.鼓励对方制作时光胶囊。

注意:1.词数不少于100; 2.可适当加人细节,使内容充实、行文连贯。

【参考范文】

Dear Amy,

How are you doing recently? The "time capsule" activity was held at my high school recently. Each student was encouraged to put a time capsule in a large box, with a detailed plan for the next four years in it(其中有未来四年的详细计划)。【活动概述】

Personally, my plan mainly consists of( 由……… 组成) three parts. To begin with, I’ll devote myself to studies, hoping to be admitted to( 被…… 录取)Peking University in medicine one year later. In addition, I intend to work as a volunteer at a nursing home, sparing half a day every weekend to accompany the old people. Last but not least, I’ll keep on practicing( 坚持练习)badminton twice a week to keep fit. Hopefully, when I open the time capsule four years later, I’ll find my plan well carried out and my wishes realized. 【计划与愿望】

Does it sound interesting? Make your own time capsule and I’m sure you’ll meet a better self in the future. 【鼓励对方制作】

Yours, Li Hua

有关历史人物的素材 :

1.As for me, my favorite figure in Chinese history is Li Bai, who was a great poet born in the Tang Dynasty.

于我而言，在中国历史上我最喜欢的人物是李白,他是唐朝伟大的诗人。

2.Confucius lived in the Spring and Autumn Period and he was the most famous as well as the most respected educator in China according to the recorded documents. Many words he said were collected in a book named The Analects, which has a great effect on the values of later generations. 孔子生活在春秋时期，据记载, 他是中国最著名的、也是最受尊敬的教育家。他说的许多话被收录在《论语》一书中, 这本书对后人的价值观产生了很大的影响。

3.Girl as she was, Hua Mulan fought bravely against the invading enemies, making great contributions in the battlefield. She has been highly praised for her wisdom as well as courage by the Chinese people for thousands of years. Her spirit inspires me and millions of other girls to live an independent life. 尽管花木兰是个女孩, 但她勇敢地与入侵的敌人作战, 在战场上做出了巨大的贡献。千百年来, 她的智慧和勇气一直受到中国人民的高度赞扬。她的精神激励着我和数百万的女孩过独立的生活。

4.Zhuge Liang is one of my favorite historical figures. About 1,800 years ago, as a man of great wisdom he helped Liu Bei fight against the enemy. I admire him for his remarkable wisdom, his courage to face the difficulty, and his devotion to the country. 诸葛亮是我最喜欢的历史人物之。大约1800 年前, 作为一个有大智慧的人, 他帮助刘备对抗敌人。我钦佩他非凡的智慧、他面对困难的勇气和他对国家的奉献精神。

科学家 :

1.Zhong Nanshan is one of the people I admire most. It was he who, despite lack of equipment and the potential of infection, desperately rescued those infected but striving for life.钟南山是我最敬佩的人之一。尽管缺乏设备且有感染的可能性,但正是他拼命抢救那些被感染却仍在努力求生的人。

2.Yuan Longping, an outstanding agricultural scientist known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice ”successfully developed the hybrid rice which dramatically increased rice production, when lack food was one of the main problems threatening Chinese people. 袁隆平，一位杰出的农业科学家称为" 杂交水稻之父", 当粮食短缺是威胁中国人民的主要问题之一时, 他成功地培育出了杂水稻, 极大地提高了水稻的产量。

英语作文中常见的十种语法错误

高考英语作文对考生的基本要求归纳为以下四点：内容要完整；语句流畅；没有语法错误；书写规范。能达到上述要求的作文， 作文得分基本上不会低于平均水平。

一、主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性

汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数量的影响，但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致，谓语动词要随着主语变化而变化。而学生受汉语思维的影响，往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数。

错误例子：

a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.

b. He go to school by bike every day.

正确例子：

a. A number of students are going to learn a foreign language.

b. He goes to school by bike every day.

分析：

a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数，在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。

二、时态

初中学生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多，动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示，对初中生来说，掌握英语的时态不是很容易。

错误例子：

a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.

b. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.

正确例子：

a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.

b. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.

分析：

a句是一个常识问题，应该用一般现在时态。b句主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时态。

三、语态错误

动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是，学生由于汉语思维的影响，很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义，但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式，其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息，中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语，不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难 。

错误例子：

a. New bicycles must keep inside.

b. The book has to return at the end of the week.

c. The food has cooked.

d. Knife should take away from babies.

正确例子：

a. New bicycles must be kept inside.

b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.

c. The food has been cooked.

d. Knives should be taken away from babies.

分析：

以上句子的问题就在于没有运用好被动语态。

四、固定搭配

错误多出现在介词短语的搭配和固定词组的搭配上，其中，特殊动词的搭配和用法错误最为常见。

错误例子：

a. He suggested to go there on his bike.

b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.

c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.

正确例子：

a. He suggested going there on his bike.

b. My teacher explained the text to me very carefully.

c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.

分析：

中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响，经常直接翻译，没有牢牢记住动词的特殊用法和固定搭配。比如suggest doing sth.;explain sth. to sb.;make sb do sth.

五、非谓语动词

学生常常对非谓语动词的概念不清楚，对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白，对句子结构分析不正确，常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。

错误例子：

a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.

b. I am looking forward to see you.

正确例子：

a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.

b. I am looking forward to seeing you.

分析：

a句中已有谓语动词来修饰things，此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语，look forward to doing sth.

六、冠词的使用

冠词考查分两个方面，一是冠词的残缺或多余，考生要注意关于含有冠词（不含冠词）的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别，如：in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an（不定冠词和定冠词）之间的相互误用。

英汉名词确有许多共同点，但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分，汉语里没有，且一般情况下，名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此，英语写作中，一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少数常用不可数名词时，学生往往会犯错误。

不过，在使用英语不可数名词时，又会出现两种情况，一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰，如上述提及的几个名词;另一种情况是，少数不可数名词在被形容词修饰后，可用a/an等来修饰。如time（时间），rain（雨）。所以我们可以说：We had a wonderful time yesterday.

错误例子：

a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.

b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.

c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.

正确例子：

a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.

b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.

c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.

分析：

a句中air是不可数名词，不需要the，b句中stop在此处的意思是站台，表示某一个站台，需要有a来修饰，c句中太阳是专有名词，需要有the来修饰。

七、代词的使用

代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词，要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用，关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用，关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用，以及what与how的误用等。

错误例子：

a. We do not like he.

b. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.

c. His book is different from me.

正确例子：

a. We do not like him.

b. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

c. His book is different from mine.

分析：

只要区分好这些代词之间的区别和意思，其实这些错误很容易被避免。

八、连词的使用

连词主要有两类，即并列连词和从属连词，考查点主要是并列连词（分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种）之间的误用（主要是but与so/and之间的误用），从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。

错误例子：

a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.

b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.

c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.

正确例子：

a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.

b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.

c. If you go this way，you will soon see the hospital.

分析：

a句中根据句意可以知道应该表示转折。b中no sooner than是固定搭配。c句中，已经有了if引导这个句子，就不再需要and。

九、名词的使用

名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词，这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响，英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外，可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。例如：

错误例子：

a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!

b. Please give my best regard to your parents.

正确例子：

a. What beautiful weather we are having today!

b. Please give my best regards to your parents.

分析：

a句中weather是不可数名词，不需要a。b中regard是可数的，所以要加上s。

十、情态动词的使用

主要有以下几种错误：① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态；② 情态动词后的动词加“s”③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”④”will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”；⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态；⑥。助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s"；⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。

错误例子：

a. I could did my homework.

b. He may goes to school by bike every day.

正确例子：

a. I could do my homework.

b. He may go to school by bike every day.

分析：

情态动词后加动词原形。

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