雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习.docx

雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习.docx

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1、雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习Understanding IELTS Grammar-Solution to Long & Complicated Sentences 长难句成因：“树形结构”：修饰成分纷繁复杂主从句交织特殊句式 Strategies for Long & Complicated Sentences:一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句2.定语从句3.状语从句4.多重复合句二、特殊结构句式解析1. 分隔结构2. 倒装结构3. 强调结构4. 双重或者多重否定5. 比较结构一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句1.1 主语从句 Looking at the picture makes him

2、experience a severe attack of nostalgia.For her, a woman, to defy her husbands order would be considered audacious at her time.What bothers me about this point of view is that it implies that human beings, in some deep sense, are not part of nature.That he is in love with her is no longer a secret.主

3、语从句解读方法： 主语从句引导词：Practice: （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.（4）Who the watch belongs to is unknown. （5）Whom we must study for is a question

4、of great importance. （6）What caused the accident remains unknown.（7）What we need is time.（8）What we need are good doctors. （9）Whatever you did is right.Example 1：That the nineteenth century French novelist Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in his life was an

5、irony which was duplicated in other matters. Example 2:That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static.Example 3:However, it can not be denied that it was Smith who introduced such a target for later novelists. Further Pract

6、ice:1. It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather. 2. It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.3. It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.4. It is probable that he has known everything.5. It appeared that he had a taste fo

7、r music. 6. It made us very happy that she was saved7. It remains unknown when they are going to get married.8. It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.9. It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.1.2. 宾语从句（object clause）引导词：Example 1：A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals

8、 that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Example 2：Yet new findings in neuroscience suggest that the brain

9、 retains its ability to reorganize itself in response to experience or injury throughout life: after the loss of sensory input from an amputated limb, for example, adults are able to learn new motor skills effectively.Example 3：Art historian Kenneth Clarke, for example, writing in 1973, could not ac

10、cept that the Mona Lisa was famous for reasons other than its inner qualities.Example 4:The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults.1.3 表语从句引导词：wh

11、o, how, when, as, whetherExample：The key issue in judging overpopulation is not how many people can fit into any given space but whether Earth can supply the populations long-term requirement for food, water, and other resources. Practice:The miracle is how they all cooperate, and are integrated tog

12、ether, in the creation of a self.1.4 同位语从句Example:He was surprised at the fact that he had passed the IELTS examination.先行词：破解关键：Example 1：There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of mans hands and will master them all in the end.Example 2:

13、The belief that it is harmful to the black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.Example 3: 【剑3】In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical con

14、ditions.Example 4:【剑3】This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration in to a notoriously fickle world economy.Practices：I take further comfort in the fact that human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work dur

15、ing the 5000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statue of Anne, the worlds first modern copyright law, passed the British parliament.According to James, a childs first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. 剑9 2.定语从句引导词：Which:Like the slaves, wom

16、en took literally the preamble of the Declaration of Independence, which states that all men are created equal.Libraries made education possible，and education in its turn added to libraries；the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law，which was greatly enhanced by the invention o

17、f printing.That:With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem that cannot be solved in a few hours. Often, the childrens disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disput

18、ing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. 剑9There is something, they argue, inside the painting that speaks to us all, that unleashes feelings, emotion, and recognition.关系代词that的省略：Because the potential talent John has is obvious, he is going to be elected as the president.Another powerful

19、source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them. Who:The student who is answering the question is John.The person who was here yesterday is a musician.Whom:In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.Whos

20、e:Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.关系副词:When:She will never forget the day when she got married.Where:One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is a

21、bundant and largely protected.Why:Give me one reason why we should help you.复杂定语从句：介词/介词短语+引导词This is the desk on which I found my book.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the o

22、yster lives.The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home. His book vividly illustrates the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion the forces of industrialization and urbanization.We are not conscious of the extent to which work pr

23、ovide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.【剑5】This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiologyto discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans wi

24、th their environment, that is, their behavior.【剑8】Perhaps for us today, two of the most significant aspects of most of these studies of genius are the frequency with which early encouragement and teaching by parents and tutors had beneficial effects on the intellectual, artistic or musical developme

25、nt of the children but caused great difficulties of adjustment later in their lives, and the frequency with which abilities went unrecognized by teachers and schools. 【剑8】 The ease with which truly great ideas are accepted and taken for granted fails to lessen their significance.3.状语从句关联词：破解关键：When

26、it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.Ev

27、en though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.Im not

28、 living where I was. Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.Take your coat in case it rains.He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the den

29、sity of a substances solid is higher than the density of its liquid.4.多重复合句However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants developing understanding that movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people. 剑9

30、Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious.二、特殊结构句式1.分隔结构处理原则：Example:In relationships of mutual depend

31、ence, such as between labour and management or within an organization or a family, the question (of who is more powerful) turns on who is less dependent on the other.In developing countries, where at least 10 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous.It will take years for whitesincluding those who think of themselves as liberalsto discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have. Thirdly, the waste