专家论坛｜非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关肝细胞癌的诊断和治疗

参考文献：

[1] MARENGO A, ROSSO C, BUGIANESI E. Liver cancer: Connections with obesity, fatty liver, and cirrhosis[J]. Annu Rev Med, 2016, 67: 103-117. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-090514-013832.

[2] PEISELER M, TACKE F. Inflammatory mechanisms underlying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and the transition to hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13(4): 730. DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040730.

[3] MASSOUD O, CHARLTON M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2018, 22(1): 201-211. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.08.014.

[4] YOUNOSSI ZM, GOLABI P, DE AVILA L, et al. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 71(4): 793-801. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.021.

[5] YOUNOSSI Z, STEPANOVA M, ONG JP, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 17(4): 748-755. e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.05.057.

[6] ESTES C, RAZAVI H, LOOMBA R, et al. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 67(1): 123-133. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29466.

[7] YOUNOSSI ZM, OTGONSUREN M, HENRY L, et al. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States from 2004 to 2009[J]. Hepatology, 2015, 62(6): 1723-1730. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28123.

[8] RINELLA M, CHARLTON M. The globalization of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Prevalence and impact on world health[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64(1): 19-22. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28524.

[9] ERTLE J, DECHÊNE A, SOWA JP, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of apparent cirrhosis[J]. Int J Cancer, 2011, 128(10): 2436-2443. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25797.

[10] DYSON J, JAQUES B, CHATTOPADYHAY D, et al. Hepatocellular cancer: The impact of obesity, type 2 diabetes and a multidisciplinary team[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 60(1): 110-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.011.

[11] WALLACE MC, PREEN D, JEFFREY GP, et al. The evolving epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: A global perspective[J]. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 9(6): 765-779. DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1028363.

[12] WANG FS, FAN JG, ZHANG Z, et al. The global burden of liver disease: The major impact of China[J]. Hepatology, 2014, 60(6): 2099-2108. DOI: 10.1002/hep.27406.

[13] ZHOU M, WANG H, ZHU J, et al. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990-2013: A systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013[J]. Lancet, 2016, 387(10015): 251-272. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00551-6.

[14] CHO EJ, KWACK MS, JANG ES, et al. Relative etiological role of prior hepatitis B virus infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the development of non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B-endemic area[J]. Digestion, 2011, 84(Suppl 1): 17-22. DOI: 10.1159/000333210.

[15] Bureau of Medical AdministrationNational Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer in China (2019 edition)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2020, 36(2): 277-292. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.02.007.

中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会医政医管局. 原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2019年版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2020, 36(2): 277-292. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.02.007.

[16] MYERS S, NEYROUD-CASPAR I, SPAHR L, et al. NAFLD and MAFLD as emerging causes of HCC: A populational study[J]. JHEP Rep, 2021, 3(2): 100231. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100231.

[17] DUAN XY, QIAO L, FAN JG. Clinical features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2012, 11(1): 18-27. DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60120-3.

[18] STARLEY BQ, CALCAGNO CJ, HARRISON SA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: A weighty connection[J]. Hepatology, 2010, 51(5): 1820-1832. DOI: 10.1002/hep.23594.

[19] TOKUSHIGE K, HYOGO H, NAKAJIMA T, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease: Multicenter survey[J]. J Gastroenterol, 2016, 51(6): 586-596. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1129-1.

[20] KOBAYASHI S, MATSUI O, GABATA T, et al. Hemodynamics of small sclerosing hepatocellular carcinoma without fibrous capsule: Evaluation with single-level dynamic CT during hepatic arteriography[J]. Abdom Imaging, 2008, 33(4): 425-427. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-007-9288-z.

[21] KANG BK, YU ES, LEE SS, et al. Hepatic fat quantification: A prospective comparison of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and analysis methods for chemical-shift gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging with histologic assessment as the reference standard[J]. Invest Radiol, 2012, 47(6): 368-375. DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e31824baff3.

[22] ZHANG ZJ, ZHENG ZJ, SHI R, et al. Metformin for liver cancer prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2012, 97(7): 2347-53. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1267.

[23] TRAN KT, MCMENAMIN úC, COLEMAN HG, et al. Statin use and risk of liver cancer: Evidence from two population-based studies[J]. Int J Cancer, 2020, 146(5): 1250-1260. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32426.

[24] KOGISO T, TOKUSHIGE K. The current view of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Cancers (Basel), 2021, 13(3): 516. DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030516.

[25] KUDO M, MATSUI O, IZUMI N, et al. JSH consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2014 Update by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan[J]. Liver Cancer, 2014, 3(3-4): 458-468. DOI: 10.1159/000343875.

[26] BRUIX J, SHERMAN M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update[J]. Hepatology, 2011, 53(3): 1020-1022. DOI: 10.1002/hep.24199.

[27] KOKUDO N, TAKEMURA N, HASEGAWA K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma: The Japan Society of Hepatology 2017 (4th JSH-HCC guidelines) 2019 update[J]. Hepatol Res, 2019, 49(10): 1109-1113. DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13411.

[28] MALLIK R, CHOWDHURY TA. Metformin in cancer[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2018, 143: 409-419. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.023.

[29] COYLE C, CAFFERTY FH, VALE C, et al. Metformin as an adjuvant treatment for cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Ann Oncol, 2016, 27(12): 2184-2195. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw410.

[30] SHI T, KOBARA H, OURA K, et al. Mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinoma progression in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. J Hepatocell Carcinoma, 2021, 8: 45-55. DOI: 10.2147/JHC.S274933.

[31] ADAM R, KARAM V, CAILLIEZ V, et al. 2018 Annual Report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) - 50-year evolution of liver transplantation[J]. Transpl Int, 2018, 31(12): 1293-1317. DOI: 10.1111/tri.13358.

[32] COTTER TG, CHARLTON M. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis after liver transplantation[J]. Liver Transpl, 2020, 26(1): 141-159. DOI: 10.1002/lt.25657.

[33] WONG RJ, CHEUNG R, AHMED A. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the U. S[J]. Hepatology, 2014, 59(6): 2188-2195. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26986.

[34] CHARLTON MR, BURNS JM, PEDERSEN RA, et al. Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States[J]. Gastroenterology, 2011, 141(4): 1249-1253. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.061.

[35] YOUNOSSI Z, ANSTEE QM, MARIETTI M, et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: Trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 15(1): 11-20. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.109.

[36] HONAP S, OBEN JA. Fat and hidden liver cancer[J]. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken), 2021, 17(2): 49-52. DOI: 10.1002/cld.1011.

[37] RAMAI D, TAI W, RIVERA M, et al. Natural progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Biomedicines, 2021, 9(2): 184. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020184.

[38] European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2018, 69(1): 182-236. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019.

[39] MARRERO JA, KULIK LM, SIRLIN CB, et al. Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases[J]. Hepatology, 2018, 68(2): 723-750. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29913.