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eMMC格式化及烧录
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eMMC格式化、烧录
一、eMMC介绍二、手动格式化eMMC操作三、手动烧录eMMC步骤四、自动化脚本格式化和烧录eMMC
一、eMMC介绍
eMMC (Embedded Multi Media Card）即嵌入式多媒体卡，是MMC协会订立、主要针对手机或平板电脑等产品的内嵌式存储器标准规格。eMMC在封装中集成了一个控制器，提供标准接口并管理闪存，简单描述如下： eMMC=Nand Flash+控制器+标准封装 接口速度高达每秒400MBytes，eMMC具有快速、可升级的性能。同时其接口电压可以是1.8V或者是3.3V。 eMMC具有以下优势： 1.简化类手机产品存储器的设计。 2.更新速度快。 3.加速产品研发速度。 二、手动格式化eMMC操作使用fdisk查看eMMC分区情况： fdisk /dev/mmcblk1 Command (m for help): m ---键入m 获取使用说明 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)接下来键入n，创建分区：n Command (m for help): n ---键入n创建新的分区接下来键入p，选择主分区：p Select (default p): p ---键入p创建主分区 Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 ---键入分区号 First sector (2048-31116287, default 2048): ---键入该分区的起始地址 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-31116287, default 31116287): 258047 ---键入该分区的结束地址以上第一个分区建立完成。 再创建第二个分区，键入n，创建分区：n Command (m for help): n ---键入n创建新的分区接下来键入p，选择主分区：p Select (default p): p ---键入p创建主分区 Partition number (1-4, default 1): 2 ---键入分区号 First sector (2048-31116287, default 2048): ---键入该分区的起始地址 258048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-31116287, default 31116287): 7262208 ---键入该分区的结束地址以上第二个分区建立完成。 键入p查看分区情况，发现还差设置启动分区、各个分区的文件类型通过p查看帮助，手动设置。 修改分区类型 Command (m for help): t ---修改分区的系统类型 Partition number (1-4): 1 ---选择要修改的分区号 Hex code (type L to list codes): c ---设置第一分区为W95 FAT32 (LBA)格式 Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))最后，保存键入w： Command (m for help): w ---保存分区设置并退出查看系统分区情况 cat /proc/partitions接下来将eMMC第二个分区格式化为ext4格式。 mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk1p2 三、手动烧录eMMC步骤我以SD卡为嵌入式启动卡启动，将SD卡文件拷贝到eMMC的分区。 root@linux-arm:/run/media# cd mmcblk1p1/ root@linux-arm:/run/media/mmcblk1p1# ls root@linux-arm:/run/media/mmcblk1p1# cd .. root@linux-arm:/run/media# mount /dev/mmcblk1p1 /run/media/mmcblk1p1 root@linux-arm:/run/media# ls mmcblk0p1 mmcblk1p1 root@linux-arm:/run/media# cd mmcblk1p1/ root@linux-arm:/run/media/mmcblk1p1# ls MLO 'System Volume Information'u-boot.img root@linux-arm:/run/media/mmcblk1p1# ls MLO 'System Volume Information' u-boot.img root@linux-arm:/run/media/mmcblk1p1# cd .. root@linux-arm:/run/media# ls mmcblk0p1 mmcblk1p1 root@linux-arm:/run/media# cd mmcblk1p1/ root@linux-arm:/run/media/mmcblk1p1# ls MLO 'System Volume Information' u-boot.img root@linux-arm:/run/media/mmcblk1p1# cp ../mmcblk0p1/* ./ -rdf root@linux-arm:/run/media/mmcblk1p1# root@linux-arm:/run/media# mkdir mmcblk0p2/ root@linux-arm:/run/media# mkdir mmcblk1p2/ root@linux-arm:/run/media# mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /run/media/mmcblk0p2 root@linux-arm:/run/media# root@linux-arm:/run/media# mount /dev/mmcblk1p2 /run/media/mmcblk1p2 root@linux-arm:/run/media# ls mmcblk0p1 mmcblk0p2 mmcblk1p1 mmcblk1p2 root@linux-arm:/run/media# cp /run/me^Cmmcblk1p2/ -rdf 四、自动化脚本格式化和烧录eMMC执行mkemmcboot.sh 完成格式化、烧录eMMC。 cat utils.sh # Description: Utility functions. # Copyright 2019 Tronlong Elec. Tech. Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. # Print error message with time. err() { echo "[$(date +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z')]: $@" >&2 } # Check file existence. function ck_file_ext() { if [[ ! -e $1 ]]; then err "ERROR! File not exist: $1" err "Abort, work not done!" exit 1 fi } # Get MTD partition number # Usage: MTD_NUM=$(get_mtd_num nand.env) get_mtd_num() { num=$(cat /proc/mtd | grep $1 | awk -F ':' '{print $1}' | awk -F 'mtd' '{print $2}') if [[ -z "${num}" ]]; then err "ERROR! Get MTD partition number of $1 failed!" err "Abort, work not done!" exit 1 fi echo ${num} } # Erase spi.env and nand.env erase_env() { num=$(cat /proc/mtd | grep spi.env | awk -F ':' '{print $1}' | awk -F 'mtd' '{print $2}') if [[ ! -z "${num}" ]]; then flash_erase /dev/mtd${num} 0 0 echo "spi.env erase done!" fi num=$(cat /proc/mtd | grep nand.env | awk -F ':' '{print $1}' | awk -F 'mtd' '{print $2}') if [[ ! -z "${num}" ]]; then flash_erase /dev/mtd${num} 0 0 echo "nand.env erase done!" fi } partition_emmc() { echo "Partitioning /dev/mmcblk1..." # umount them in case mounted already. for i in $(cat /proc/mounts | grep /dev/mmcblk1p | awk '{print $1}'); do umount $i 2>/dev/null done emmc_dev=/dev/mmcblk1 # Clear the head of emmc. dd if=/dev/zero of=${emmc_dev} bs=1024 count=1024 # Get the partition information total_size=$(($(fdisk -s ${emmc_dev}) * 1024)) total_cyln=$((total_size / 255 / 63 / 512)) # Offsets. 128M for boot, 60% - 128M for rootfs, 40% for data. pc1_start=0 pc1_end=$((128 * 1024 * 1024 / $((255 * 63 * 512)) )) # 128M pc2_end=$((${total_cyln} * 3 / 5)) parted -s ${emmc_dev} mklabel msdos parted -s ${emmc_dev} unit cyl mkpart primary fat32 -- 0 ${pc1_end} parted -s ${emmc_dev} set 1 boot on parted -s ${emmc_dev} unit cyl mkpart primary ext4 -- ${pc1_end} ${pc2_end} parted -s ${emmc_dev} unit cyl mkpart primary ext4 -- ${pc2_end} -2 sleep 5 #FIXME Make sure partition emmc is finished echo "partition done!" }cat mk_emmc_boot.sh #!/bin/bash set -e # Description: Burn boot files to eMMC. # Copyright 2019 Tronlong Elec. Tech. Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. # Load utility functions from utils.sh. . $(dirname $0)/utils.sh #### Defines #### DEVICE=/dev/mmcblk1 #### Main Entrance #### # Make sure device is exist. dev1=$(ls -1 ${DEVICE} 2>/dev/null) if [[ -z "${dev1}" ]]; then echo "ERROR: ${DEVICE} is not exist." fi # Make boot as FAT32 format. echo "Formating boot partition..." dev1=$(cat /proc/mounts | grep ${DEVICE}p1 | awk '{print $1}') if [[ ! -z "${dev1}" ]]; then umount ${DEVICE}p1 # Umount boot in case mounted alraady. fi mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n BOOT ${DEVICE}p1 #FIXME Make sure format is finished for ((i=0; $iDEVICE}p1 | awk '{print $1}') if [[ ! -z "${dev1}" ]]; then umount ${DEVICE}p1 fi echo "Make eMMC boot partition done!"cat mk_emmc_fs.sh #!/bin/bash set -e # Description: Burn filesystem to eMMC. Make a data partition by the way. # Copyright 2019 Tronlong Elec. Tech. Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. # Load utility functions from utils.sh. . $(dirname $0)/utils.sh #### Defines #### DEVICE=/dev/mmcblk1 #### Main Entrance #### # Make rootfs and data partition as ext4 format. echo "Formating rootfs and data partition..." dev2=$(cat /proc/mounts | grep ${DEVICE}p2 | awk '{print $1}') dev3=$(cat /proc/mounts | grep ${DEVICE}p3 | awk '{print $1}') if [[ ! -z "${dev2}" ]]; then umount ${DEVICE}p2 # Umount in case mounted alraady. fi if [[ ! -z "${dev3}" ]]; then umount ${DEVICE}p3 # Umount in case mounted alraady. fi mkfs.ext4 -F -L rootfs ${DEVICE}p2 mkfs.ext4 -F -L data ${DEVICE}p3 #FIXME Make sure format is finished for ((i=0; $iDEVICE}p3 2>/dev/null) if [[ ! -z "${dev2}" ]] && [[ ! -z "${dev3}" ]]; then break; fi sleep 0.1 done echo "Format done!" # Mount rootfs partition. rootfs_mp="/tmp/$$-rootfs" # Mount points of rootfs partition. if [[ ! -d ${rootfs_mp} ]]; then mkdir -p ${rootfs_mp} fi mount ${DEVICE}p2 ${rootfs_mp} # Copy file to rootfs from backup partition of SD. echo "Copying rootfs files to ${DEVICE}p2..." sd_p3_mp=$(df /dev/mmcblk0p3 | grep /dev/mmcblk0p3 | awk '{print $6}') cp -rf ${sd_p3_mp}/. ${rootfs_mp} # Umount boot. dev2=$(cat /proc/mounts | grep ${DEVICE}p2 | awk '{print $1}') if [[ ! -z "${dev2}" ]]; then umount ${DEVICE}p2 fi echo "Make eMMC rootfs partition done!"感谢阅读，祝君成功！ -by aiziyou |
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