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文章目录
1 设置hosts2 生成本机密钥对3 上传公钥到需要登录的服务器4 测试登录5 错误处理
总结：常用的几个指令 方便输入ip：修改hosts: sudo vi /etc/hosts 修改后重启 sudo service network-manager restart 生成ssh key ssh-keygen -t rsa 将生成的ssh拷贝到服务器 ssh-copy-id [email protected] 远程登录 ssh ubuntu@local_6 主机操作系统为Ubuntu18.04，因为暂时没找到Ubuntu中与Xshell匹配的软件，故而登录其他开发环境主机一般通过ssh命令，但是主机过多，密码容易遗忘，这里通过ssh免密码设置来登录主机。 这里演示从主机免密登录到 192.168.1.6 1 设置hosts将要登录的服务器的IP设置到hosts中，后续直接使用hostname。 $ sudo vi /etc/hosts # 新增配置 192.168.1.6 local_6 # 重启网卡 $ sudo service network-manager restart 2 生成本机密钥对 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/avie/.ssh/id_rsa): /home/avie/.ssh/id_rsa already exists. Overwrite (y/n)? y Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/avie/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/avie/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:GrT0vmJHgKDWeAdqR3M4UIHHgll64ZeRmarf2CvD++M avie@ubuntu The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ |.+Bo++ | |o=.X++ | |..XoB.o | |.*.=.+.o | |o.o . o.S | |. +. | | o + ... | | * + o .. | | .*E+ o. | +----[SHA256]-----+ ubuntu@ubuntu:~$此时会在/home/ubuntu/.ssh目录下生成密钥对 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ll .ssh 总用量 20 drwx------ 2 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 5月 17 11:22 ./ drwxr-xr-x 43 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 6月 2 14:15 ../ -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1679 6月 2 14:32 id_rsa -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 393 6月 2 14:32 id_rsa.pub -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1772 6月 2 14:16 known_hosts ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 3 上传公钥到需要登录的服务器 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ssh-copy-id [email protected] The authenticity of host '192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:2pzDbXEUlQx28SlyTmxWyhf75mQ1aevwN8kwhjjyuN8. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys [email protected]'s password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '[email protected]'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. ubuntu@ubuntu:~$此时本机的公钥文件内容会追加写入到192.168.1.6 ubuntu用户下的的 .ssh/authorized_keys 文件中 4 测试登录 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ssh ubuntu@local_6 Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-73-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation. - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at: https://ubuntu.com/livepatch 17 updates can be applied immediately. 1 of these updates is a standard security update. To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable New release '20.04.2 LTS' available. Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it. Your Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is supported until April 2023. Last login: Wed May 26 17:59:42 2021 from 192.168.1.64 ubuntu@ubuntu-HP-Z2-G4-Entry-Tower-Workstation:~$ ifconfig -a ...显示已经登录到1.6主机。此时如果本机的账户，与1.6需要登录的账户都是ubuntu的话，命令可以缩减为ssh local_6 5 错误处理如果在使用ssh-copy-id时出现出现Host key verfication failed错误， ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ssh-copy-id [email protected] /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/home/ubuntu/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: ERROR: @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ERROR: @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ ERROR: @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ERROR: IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! ERROR: Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! ERROR: It is also possible that a host key has just been changed. ERROR: The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is ERROR: SHA256:2pzDbXEUlQx28SlyTmxWyhf75mQ1aevwN8kwhjjyuN8. ERROR: Please contact your system administrator. ERROR: Add correct host key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. ERROR: Offending ECDSA key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:3 ERROR: remove with: ERROR: ssh-keygen -f "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" -R "192.168.1.6" ERROR: ECDSA host key for 192.168.1.6 has changed and you have requested strict checking. ERROR: Host key verification failed. ubuntu@ubuntu:~$解决命令：ssh-keygen -R 目标IP地址 : ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ssh-keygen -R 192.168.1.6 # Host 192.168.1.6 found: line 3 /home/ubuntu/.ssh/known_hosts updated. Original contents retained as /home/avie/.ssh/known_hosts.old ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo ssh-copy-id [email protected]而后重新执行ssh-copy-id即可。 |
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